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Compose settings for entering non-standard characters

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Category: workstation
Published: Sunday, 11 September 2011 13:30
Written by Super User
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When typing texts is often necessary to use characters that are not present in your layout, or not presen on keyboard at all. For example, typing something like ¼ or ‰ is a non-trivial task. Of course, you can use a character table and just copy everything from there. But it is good when the desired character is entered 1-2 times. And what to do if you need it constantly? This is where the Compose key comes to the rescue.

 

The compose key is also known as "Multi_key" at the X Window System. In X.Org Server, many keyboard layouts provide different options for the location Multi_key, commonly used in PC-compatible architectures.

You can assign this key in different way. For example, using XkbOptions ("compose: rwin"). In my Kubuntu it can be done in Kmenu-Computer-System Settings-country/region/language. I assigned a button to the Compose key that I never use - CapsLock.

Now let's go through the settings step by step

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Part 14. DNS configuring for the mail server. SPF, DKIM, DMARC

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Category: Mail Server
Published: Monday, 09 September 2019 14:14
Written by Super User
Hits: 263

The list of articles cycle

 

For correct operation of the mail server requires correct DNS configuration.

In our domain zone, at least, we must have MX records. It is also desirable to create the reverse record, SPF, DKIM and DMARC

 

Basic DNS settings

In order for other servers to know that our server is accepting mail for our domain, the following settings must be created in the zone description:

  1. Create an A record for our server (forward zone)
  2. Create MX record specifying priority and with our domain name
  3. Send request to the provider, hoster, or other entity that provided us with an IP address, requesting to provide a reverse zone (PTR-record) for our IP address with the name from the forward zone.
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Part 13. GreyListing.

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Category: Mail Server
Published: Wednesday, 14 August 2019 15:27
Written by Super User
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The work of gray lists is based on the fact that spammers in case of sending errors often do not send the letter a second time, and legitimate mail servers will try to send a letter for at least two days.

When the message is received for the first time our server returns an error 450 (message not accepted due to a temporary error) and terminates the session,

After a specified timeout (default 300 seconds) the message will be accepted and address of the sender server will be temporary whitelisted. The server will stay in this list for 35 days since the last successful session by default

 

Let’s install the necessary software

# apt install postgrey

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Part 9. Encrypt mail traffic

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Category: Mail Server
Published: Thursday, 04 July 2019 13:33
Written by Super User
Hits: 259

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It's quite dangerous to use unencrypted traffic on the mail server.This is not due to the interception of emails, but to the fact that an attacker can intercept a user's login and password from a user and use this information to send spam messages.

Encryption uses SSL certificates. If we can buy a certificate from a certification authority - then buy, if not, generate self-signed certificate. This is done by the command:

openssl req -new -nodes -x509 -out smtpd.pem -keyout smtpd.pem -days 3650

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Part 8. Set up mail server authentication through the OpenLDAP

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Category: Mail Server
Published: Wednesday, 26 June 2019 11:06
Written by Super User
Hits: 462

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OpenLDAP is an open implementation of LDAP, developed by the OpenLDAP project, distributed under its own free OpenLDAP Public License.

OpenLDAP consists of three main components:

  • slapd - an independent LDAP daemon and related overlays and tools;
  • libraries that implement LDAP protocol;
  • utilities, tools and auxiliary clients
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Part 7. Alternative methods for storing user settings. Using Windows AD.

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Category: Mail Server
Published: Friday, 21 June 2019 16:12
Written by Super User
Hits: 325

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In large organizations, mail servers and other services are often integrated with the Windows AD

Assume that we have Windows domain named the study.local and there is a special user mailadmin with the password mailadmin. And he has permissions to read from the LDAP tree. The domain controller has the address 192.168.0.10. Domain users must have aт attribute “mail” filled in. It should contain the mailing address of the user. Domain groups are created to work with mail aliases. They also fill in the attribute “mail”. Letters that arrive to such groups must be forwarded to all users who are their members.  

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Part 5. Mail traffic routing. Authorization on a upstream server.

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Category: Mail Server
Published: Tuesday, 21 May 2019 11:50
Written by Super User
Hits: 377

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Typically, you do not need to configure mail traffic routing. All messages will be routed automatically, according to MX records in the DNS of the recipient domain. But there are exceptions to this rule. Using the transport_maps option, you can explicitly specify the server to which the mail will be sent for the specific domain.

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Part 4. Set up the automatic creation of hidden copies of messages.

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Category: Mail Server
Published: Friday, 19 April 2019 15:49
Written by Super User
Hits: 627

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Sometimes it is necessary to create copies of messages and send them to another address. For this purpose, Postfix has a mechanism for creating hidden copies (bcc – blind carbon copy)

You can create these copies based on the sender or recipient addresses. To do this, you can use the sender_bcc_maps or recipient_bcc_maps parameters in the main.cf file.

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Mail server configuring. Part 3. RoundCube Webmail

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Category: Mail Server
Published: Thursday, 11 April 2019 12:22
Written by Super User
Hits: 483

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Mail web client RoundCube

RoundCube Webmail is a web-based IMAP email client. Roundcube's most prominent feature is the pervasive use of Ajax technology. After about two years of development, the first stable release of Roundcube was announced in early 2008. Roundcube is written in PHP and can be employed in conjunction with a LAMP "stack", or any other operating system that supports PHP are supported as well.

Roundcube is free and open-source software subject to the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) with exceptions for skins and plugins.

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Mail server configuring. Part 1. Installation and basic configuration for Postfix and Dovecot.

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Category: Mail Server
Published: Thursday, 21 March 2019 11:28
Written by Yakim
Hits: 803

I'm starting to publish a series articles about Postfix and Dovecot mail server configuring.

Today will be the first part - Installation and basic configuration of Postfix and Dovecot.

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Laptop as a wifi access point

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Category: workstation
Published: Sunday, 29 January 2012 10:14
Written by Super User
Hits: 768

I know that it is possible to make an access point from a wi-fi card. Now I tried to set it up. Here is a description of my actions step by step.

I have old laptop Acer Aspire 5315.

OS— Kubuntu 11.10

Wi-Fi-card— Atheros. That's what lspci says about it

Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR242x / AR542x Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01)

 

Of course it have ethernet card too.

Let`s go...

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